The Spanish Second Civil War

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On 11 March 2004 a series of bombs exploded in commuter trains in Madrid, Spain. The bombings killed 191 people and wounded more than 1800, and the intention of the perpetrators has been to influence the outcome of the Spanish general election, held three days later. Though initial suspicions focused on the Basque group ETA, evidence soon emerged indicating possible Islamist involvement. Because of the proximity of the election, the issue of responsibility quickly became a political controversy, with the main competing parties PP and PSOE exchanging accusations over the handling of the aftermath.

Subsequent media investigations have shown that some elements of police, disobeying and breaking the chain of command previously reported to the leaders of the PSOE than to their superiors and the government. The PSOE used that information to directly blame PP for the attacks because of its position as U.S. ally in the Iraqi war.

At 14 March elections, PSOE, led by José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, obtained a plurality, enough to form a new cabinet with Rodríguez Zapatero as the new Presidente del Gobierno or Prime Minister of Spain, thus succeeding the former PP administration.