Carthage

The Carthaginian Republic (: Repubblica cartaginese) is a located in, along the southern shore of the. Consisting of a region that made up the eastern portions of, contemporary Carthage is bordered by the Mediterranean to the north, and  to the east,  and  to the south, and   to the west. Carthage has a population of 17,226,928, making it the world's largest nation in terms of population. Carthage also has a total land area of 1,923,151 square kilometers, making it the world's largest nation in terms of area.

The Carthaginian Republic a  in which the parliament is the supreme. The prime minister is elected from a within the parliament, in which the leader of the majority party or a majority coalition of parties is typically the winner. The parliament has a total of 250 seats, and all seats in the parliament are elected by the people in direct general elections held every six years, with the most recent election occurring in 2012. The prime minister is the and the, and they are responsible for the appointment of ministers of the various ministries and for the governance of the nation in general. The power of the prime minister, their government, and the parliament is checked by the constitutional court, the highest judicial authority in the nation. The constitutional court insures that the actions of the government does not go outside the limitations and responsibilities set by the constitution, and the specific rulings of the constitutional court require an amendment to the constitution itself before they can be overridden. This form of government was adopted on 7 June 1805, after the conclusion of the Franco-Italian conquest against the.

The area now making up Carthage has a history that goes back thousands of years. The earliest history of Carthage goes back to about 814 BC, when settlers established the colony as a trading post of their early empire. At first of dependency of, the city of Carthage would gain independence in 650 BC, establishing a lasting political hegemony over other Phoenecian settlements in the. For most of its history, Carthage would have hostile relations with and the, leading to the  and the , ultimately leading to the Roman conquest of Carthage and its empire in 146 BC. Under Roman rule, the area formerly constituting Carthage would prosper, with a vast growth in agricultural output and population. After the fall of Rome, the area would briefly come under rule from 430 to 533 AD, after which it would be conquered by  of the. After the starting in 647, the native Berber peoples would be converted to  and the region would go through various hands of both foreign and domestic rulers. A lasting political establishment would not come until 1230 with the establishment of the over the region, which would foster prosperous commercial connections and a rebirth of stability. The Hafsid dynasty would last until 1537, when a conflict of interest between and the  saw the establishment of Ottoman control over the region. For another 162 years, the area would see a somewhat stable period of rule under the Ottomans. In 1799, the began to cater to the people of the various Italian states by promoting a revival of ancient heritage, including the ancient city of Carthage. The French and Italians would invade the region in 1801, with the assistance of the, and establish settlements in the region consisting mostly of land-hopeful Italians along with military action against the Ottoman. The Ottomans surrendered the territory to the invaders in early 1805, and months later, the Carthaginian Republic was established on 7 June 1805.

Under the new Republic, relations with mainland Italian state would see the vast immigration of Italians into Carthage. At first tied to the, the allowed the Republic to continue its existence in order to curtail Ottoman influence in the Mediterranean, with the establishment of the Barcelona Pact between the  and the Republic in 1816. Carthage would grow and develop with continued Italian immigration, with the continued displacement of the Berber peoples into neighbouring regions. The formalized the territory of the country in 1878, and the Congress also formally deferred foreign protection of the country to the  from the United Kingdom. The saw the birth of modern urbanism in the country, and the vast influx of wealth and cultural sophistication created through the rise of industrialism would see the notion of the Republic being a European state arise in contemporary thought. Urbanism and industrialism also led to the rise of, as the vote was extended to women and Berbers in 1904, with the widespread shift to progressivism made obvious by the of the Progressive Party in the 1907 elections. Carthage would be invaded by the Ottoman Empire with their joining of the in the  in 1914. The end of the war in 1918 would see the birth of intense nationalism in Carthage with the rise of the Patria movement in 1920, and the Homeland Party would become the ruling party in the 1925 elections. The rise of local nationalism saw the beginning of conflict with the government of in 1926, with the Carthaginian-Italian War eventually becoming a part of the larger. After the victory in the  in 1943, the government of the Republic would be restored, and the transitional government would be replaced with an elected government in the 1948 elections. Carthage would join in 1948, generally aligning with the  in the. While tensions would persist in the country with the gradual de-colonisation of Carthage's neighbours, no hostilities would ever erupt and the Cold War would be largely peaceful for the Republic. After several decades of conservative rule in Carthage, progressivism would largely make a comeback with the end of the in 1991. Carthage opted to join the in 1997. After several decades of peace, would begin to pose a threat to national security through, with the local domestications of  rising in 2004 and the  rising in 2012.