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The Kingdom of Hellas (Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος), commonly known as Hellas or, less commonly, Greece, is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy located in Southern Europe and Balkans. It borders the countries of Albania, Kosovo, Serbia, and Bulgaria to the north and Kurdistan to the east.

Modern Hellas can trace its origins to the ancient Aegean civilizations of the Bronze Age. It is considered the cradle of all Western civilization, being the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, Western literature, political science, Western philosophy, major scientific and mathematical principles, Western dramas (including both tragedy and comedy, and probably what it is most famous for, the Olympic games. Hellas had considerable influence in shaping Western and Middle Eastern civilization thanks to its many cultural and technological achievements. Many aspects of its civilization were imparted to the Middle East because of the military campaigns of Alexander the Great and to the West because of it's incorporation into the Roman Empire . For over 1,000 years it was the economic and cultural center of the Roman Empire due to the collapse of the western half of the Empire. Since the collapse of the eastern Roman Empire (usually referred to by its modern name, the Byzantine Empire) Hellas has been part of the Ottoman Empire, of which it was subject to it's rule for nearly 400 years until it gained independence in 1830.

Hellenic War of Independence
In 1812, a secret fraternity called the Order of Constantine was founded with the goal of liberating all of Hellas. The Order planned a series of uprisings against the Ottoman Empire in the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities, and Constantinople. The first of these uprisings took place on 16 March 1821 in the Danubian Principalities, but this was put down by the Ottomans. This event set off a chain reaction, and on 30 March 1821, the Maniots declared war on the Ottoman Empire, beginning the Hellenic War of Independence.

By the middle of April, most of the Peloponnese was in open revolt and by October 1821 they had captured Tripolitsa and forced all Ottoman troops out of the peninsula. This revolt was followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia, Central Hellas Epirus, and much of Thrace. Most of these revolts would soon be suppressed, however the makeshift Hellenic Navy was able to achieve much success against the Ottoman Navy which prevented Ottoman reinforcement by sea. in 1822 and 1824, the Ottomans and Egyptians slaughtered the populations of many islands, including the islands of Chios and Psara. The public opinion of western Europe started to swing in favor of the Hellen Rebels.

Geography
Located in Southern Europe, Hellas consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland at the southern end of the Balkans. It is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It's highly indented coastlines and numerous islands give it one of the longest coastlines in the world, despite it's size.

Government and Politics
Hellas is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy. The monarch is the head of state and is referred to as the Basileus (if male) or the Basilissa (if female). The Prime Minister is the head of government and is elected by Parliament for a five-year term.

Political Parties
Main Article: Political Parties of Hellas

Hellas has a multi-party system that is dominated by the conservative Royalist Party, center-right New Democracy, center-left Social Democrats, and the far-left Socialist Party.

Foreign Relations
Hellenic foreign affairs are conducted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with its head, the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Military
The Hellenic Armed Forces are divided into three distinct branches: the Hellenic Army, the Hellenic Navy, and the Hellenic Air Force. Additionally Hellas maintains two reserve militia forces: the Hellenic National Guard and the Hellenic Coast Guard. The National Guard and Coast Guard are the first to be called upon during a national state of emergency and neither are considered part of the professional military service except during times of war, when they are combined with the army and navy respectively. The reserve forces are composed of conscripts, while the professional forces are composed of volunteers. The Basileus is the supreme commander of the Hellenic Armed Forces, while the Prime Minister is the commander-in-chief of the Hellenic National Guard and the Hellenic Coast Guard. Day to day management of the Hellenic Armed Forces is administered by the Defense Ministry. The General Staff advises both the Defense Ministry and the Basileus on matters of war.

Hellas has universal compulsory military conscription for all adult males aged 19-45 while females are exempt from conscription, although they may serve in the military. Upon reaching the age of 18 all adult males are required to go through basic training and, once complete, are required to see a doctor twice a year for a physical examination to determine health. The government encourages a healthy diet and plenty of exercise to maintain a healthy body fit for service. Conscripts must undergo a weapon training session every five years to maintain familiarity with military weapons. Those with physical and/or mental disabilities are exempt from the draft while those with moral objectives can choose non-combat roles such as a nurse or an engineer. Both active duty personnel and conscripts swear loyalty to the Basileus when taking their Oath of Loyalty. As of 2014, 225,874 Hellenes were actively serving in the military.

Administrative Divisions
Hellas consists of 15 regions subdivided into 497 municipalities. The regions and municipalities are largely self-governing, with elections being held every year between November 7th and 14th. The administrations are run by a general secretary appointed by the government.