Constitution of Sierra/Text

Preamble
W e, the sovereign people of the KINGDOM OF SIERRA, in the eyes of, in order to create a more perfect and civil union, and establish a government that shall embody the principles of freedom, liberty, and prosperity, promote the common good, secure the future of ourselves and our posterity, the blessings and benefits of absolute sovereignty, autonomy, and independence and democracy under the rule of the law, do ordain and promulgate this most just CONSTITUTION.

Article I: The Kingdom
 The Kingdom shall officially be called the "Kingdom of Sierra" which shall be used to affix, authenticate, and officiate all acts, documents, and properties conducted or owned by the Kingdom.

Section I: Land
 The Kingdom shall comprise the entirety of the territory that was claimed, controlled, and maintained by the Republic of California on November 26, 1858 along with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Kingdom exercises sovereignty or jurisdiction including its airspace, its territorial seas, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas and all islands held by the Crown including but not limited to, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands and their surrounding waters, the island and surrounding waters of Rapa Nui, the Hawaiian Islands and their waters, the eastern portion of the Samoan island group declared by international convention, the island and waters of Clipperton, and other unnamed atolls, islands, rocks, and land held by the Crown.

Section II: Flag
 The flag of the Kingdom shall represent the Crown, the Government, and the People. It shall be a horizontal  composed of dark blue, gold, and maroon red featuring an off-white circle bearing a five-pointed star near the hoist and centered on the gold stripe as consecrated and honored by the People and recognized by law.

Section III: Coat of arms
 The coat of arms of the Kingdom shall represent the Crown, the Government and the People. It shall be a, , and  a   fixed in a. A double-headed eagle rests upon the shield and is supported by a   proper on the  side and a  also rampant proper on the Sinister side. A tricolor band on the bottom of the seal assigned by our royal King Smith I that is to say "Libertas sine sacrifico" as consecrated and honored by the People and recognized by law.

Section IV: Language
 The official languages of the Kingdom are: ; ; of both the  and  dialect in the  script; ;  including its  and  scripts,  in the ; ;  including  script and variants of ; and Serran.

Subsection I: Usage
 The federal, provincial, and local government may use any of the particular official languages described for the purposes of government so long as its use in the immediate area of vicinity reflect the linguistic background of said area and uses at least two of the languages, preferably one of which includes the dominant majority language, English of the Sierran variant.

Subsection II: Other languages
 Recognizing that there are other languages spoken by the People, the Government shall make no law prohibiting the use of a legitimate language,, or dialect nor shall it knowingly and willfully withhold and fail to provide information to private citizens who have no competence whatsoever of any of the official languages in a manner that would place them in inconvenience, danger, or violation of Law for failure to understand.

Section V: Motto
 The official motto of the Kingdom shall be "Libertas sine sacrifico".

Article II: The Purpose of the Kingdom


Section I: Government
 The Kingdom of Sierra is a monarchy bounded by this Constitution who concentrates power as the Crown which ultimately owes and confers the Sovereignty to the People. From here henceforth, the terms "Kingdom", "Government", "Crown", and "State" are interchangeable.

Section II: Duties
 The Kingdom, through, is established to protect, defend, and uphold the civil, political, religious, and social liberties of the People in both times of peace and in war. When necessary, the Government shall enact laws and exercise power to protect such liberties within reason and consideration of the People.

Section III: Invalidation of the Kingdom and the Constitution
 All power is inherent in the People, and all free governments are founded on their authority and instituted for their peace, safety, happiness and the protection of property. For the advancement of these ends, they have at all times an inalienable and indefeasible right to alter, reform or abolish their government in such manner as they may deem proper if ever the government has failed to honor this Constitution for an extended time or oppressed and neglected the People in such an extreme manner that it would nullify the social contract between People and State.

Section I: The Monarch
 1. The Monarch is the and possessor of the Crown. The monarch is the symbol of the Kingdom's inherently interdependent organic unity and harmonious Society. He/she arbitrates and moderates the regular functioning of the institutions, assumes the highest representation of the Sierran State in international relations, and exercises the functions expressly conferred onto him/her by the Constitution and the laws.

 2. His/her title is that of King or Queen of Sierra, and he/she may use the other titles expressively appertaining to the Crown.

Section II: Succession
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1. The Crown of Sierra shall be immediately inherited by the successors of His Royal Highness Smith II, Protector of the Sierrans by the Grace of God, King/Queen of Sierra and Protector of the Sierrans, Sovereign of Los Pacifícos, the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, Rapa Nui, the Hawaiian and Midwayan Islands, the Sierran Samoa, and All Other Loyal Lands and Islands, the legitimate heir of the Columbia dynasty upon his death, abdication, or renouncement of the Crown. Succession to the throne shall follow the regular order of and representation, the first line always having preference over subsequent lines; within the same line, the closer grade over the more remote; within the same grade, the elder over the younger, the paternal over the maternal.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2. The Crown Prince/Princess, from his/her birth or from the time he/she acquires the claim, shall hold the title of Prince or Princess of Mojave and the other titles traditionally held by the heir to the Crown of Sierra.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 3. Should all the lines designated by law become extinct, Parliament shall provide for succession to the Crown in the manner most suitable to the interests of Sierra.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 4. Those persons with a right of succession to the throne who marry against the express prohibition of the King and the Parliament, shall be excluded from succession to the Crown, as shall their descendants.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 5. Children of shall be excluded from succession to the Crown, as shall their descendants.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 6. and renunciations and any doubt in fact or in law that may arise in connection with the succession to the Crown shall be settled by an organic act.

Section III: Consort
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Consort of the Monarch shall assume no constitutional functions, except in accordance with the provisions of Regency.

Section VI: Regency
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1. In the event of the King being under age, the age that being of eighteen, the King's father or mother or, in default thereof, the oldest relative of legal age who is nearest in succession to the Crown, according to the order established in the Constitution, shall immediately assume the office of Regent, which shall exercise during the King's minority.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2. If the King becomes unfit for the exercise of his authority, and this incapacity is recognized by the Parliament, the Crown Prince or Princess shall immediately assume the Regency, if he/she is of age. If he/she is not, the procedure outlined in the foregoing paragraph shall apply until the coming of age of the Crown Prince/Princess.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 3. If there is no person entitled to assume the Regency, it shall be appointed by the Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 4. In order to exercise the Regency, it is necessary that the candidate be of Sierran by and of legal age.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 5. The Regency shall be exercised by constitutional mandate, and always on behalf of the King or Queen.

Section VII: Guardianship
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1. The guardian of the King during his/her minority shall be the person appointed in the will of the deceased King or Queen, provided that he or she is of age and Sierran by birth. If a guardian has not been appointed, the consort of the decedent shall be guardian, as long as they remain. In default thereof, the guardian shall be appointed by the Parliament, but the offices of Regent and Guardian may not be held by the same person, except by the father, mother, or direct ancestors of the King or Queen.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2. Exercise of the guardianship is also incompatible with the holding of any office or political representation.

Section VIII: Coronation and Ascension
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1. The King, on being proclaimed before the Parliament, will swear to faithfully carry out his or her duties, to obey the Constitution and the laws and ensure that they are obeyed, and to respect the rights of citizens and the Self-governing Community.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2. The Crown Prince or Princess, on coming of age, and the Regent or Regents, on assuming office, will swear the same oath as well as that of loyalty to the King or Queen.

Subsection I: Royal Prerogative
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is incumbent of the King or Queen:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) To sanction and promulgate the laws.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) To call for a in the cases provided for in the Constitution.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) To appoint and dismiss members of the Government with the consent and approval of Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> d) To issue and confer civil and military positions as well award titles, honors and, distinctions to individuals in conformity with the law.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> e) To be informed of the affairs of State and, for this purpose, to preside over the meetings of the Cabinet and the Privy Council whenever, he/she sees fit, at the Prime Minister's request.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> f) To exercise supreme command of the Armed Forces.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> g) To exercise the right of, , and in accordance with the law.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> h) To declare war or peace with the consent and approval of Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> i) To accredit ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives as well as receive foreign representatives in Sierra accredited before him/her.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> j) To express the State's assent to international commitments through treaties, in conformity with the Constitution and the laws.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> k) To issue passports and other documents pertaining or requiring the fixation of the Crown.

Subsection II: Royal Assent
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is incumbent of the King or Queen to exercise royal assent.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Commons and the Senate, shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the King or Queen and shall become promulgated upon the King or Queen's signing of Royal Assent. The King or Queen, shall reserve the power to withhold Royal Assent or veto after he/she has let his/her objections be known clear and explicit to the Parliament. If, after reconsideration by Parliament, the bill be agreed upon by two-thirds votes of both houses separately and collectively, the bill shall become law. If any bill shall not be assented nor vetoed expressively by the King or Queen within fourteen business days after it had been presented to him/her, the same shall be a law, in like manner, as if the King or Queen had assented to it, unless the Parliament by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case, it shall not be law.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2. Every individual, organization, corporation, or body seeking to receive the imprint of the Crown shall, before able to, and must file all petitions to the King or Queen who proscribes.

Subsection III: Royal Edicts, Decrees, and Proclamations
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is incumbent of the King or Queen, when deemed out of absolute necessity as in times of and with exhausted cooperation with the Prime Minister and Parliament:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) To declare full-binding, in conformity with the Constitution and the laws.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) To suspend and other legal protections except that of those outlined explicitly within the Constitution.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) To declare.

Section I: The Prime Minister
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The civil executive power shall be vested in a Prime Minister of the Kingdom and is the sole representative of the Monarch and executor of the King or Queen's conferred powers within the Civil Government.

Section II: Electoral selection, qualifications, and requirements
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Prime Minister shall hold his/her office during the term of four years, and together, with the Deputy Prime Minister, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1) Each citizen free of criminal convictions, imprisonment, or legal complication, shall, on a day appropriated for election, shall vote by ballot for a candidate running for the office of Prime Minister.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2) That once the electoral process has concluded, that the candidate with the greatest number of votes become Prime Minister and that the winning candidate's running mate become Deputy Prime Minister.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 3) That, the number of votes shall be calculated and processed by the Parliament or of a body appointed by Parliament to handle such process and presented before Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 4) That in order to receive the office of Prime Minister, one must be a citizen of the Kingdom with no loyalties to any foreign state or organization, to be of or greater the age of 25, and been ten consecutive years a resident within the Kingdom including its territories or fourteen years a resident with seven years that of a consecutive fashion, and been free of conviction and punishment for a for 20 years; serious offenses to the State or its Provinces or Territories within 15 years; criminal offenses to the State or its Provinces or Territories within 10 years; or misdemeanors or minor offenses to the State or its Provinces or its Territories within 5 years.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 5) That, if one attained citizenship through, one must meet all the requirements of the above and also have been a citizen for at least 15 years.

Section III: Powers, duties, and responsibilities
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is incumbent of the Prime Minister to:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) fulfill certain dispensable powers of royal prerogative on behalf of the Monarch which include but not limited to:


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">i) To call for a in the cases provided for in the Constitution.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">ii) To appoint and dismiss members of the Government with the consent and approval of Parliament.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">iii) To issue and confer civil and military positions as well award titles, honors and, distinctions to individuals in conformity with the law.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">iv) To be informed of the affairs of State and, for this purpose, to preside over the meetings of the Cabinet and the Privy Council.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">v) To exercise supreme command of the Armed Forces.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">vi) To exercise the right of, , and in accordance with the law.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">vii) To declare war or peace with the consent and approval of Parliament.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">viii) To accredit ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives as well as receive foreign representatives in Sierra accredited before him/her.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">ix) To express the State's assent to international commitments through treaties, in conformity with the Constitution and the laws.


 * <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">x) To issue passports and other documents pertaining or requiring the fixation of the Crown.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) preside over the sessions of the Senate as President and have one vote whether equally or unequally.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) from time to time, inform Parliament information concerning the interests of the Crown and the Kingdom, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he/she shall judge necessary and expedient.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> d) shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the Kingdom.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> e) expound and execute any inherent executive powers not mentioned in the Constitution in conformity of said Constitution and the laws on behalf of the Crown.

Section IV: Impeachment
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, and all civil officers of the Kingdom shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and on conviction, of treason, bribery, and other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Section V: Succession
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> In case of the removal of the Prime Minister from office, or of his death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacity to discharge the powers and duties of said office on behalf of the Crown, the same shall devolve on the Deputy Prime Minister, and the Parliament may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, impeachment, or incapacity, both of the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, declaring what officer then shall act as Prime Minister, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a Prime Minister shall be elected.

Section VI: Compensation
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Prime Minister, as shall his/her civil officers, at select times, receive for his/her services a compensation, which shall neither be increased or diminished during the period of which he shall have been elected, and he/she shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the Kingdom, or any of them without express consent of Parliament which matter shall first originate in the House of Commons.

Section VII: Oath of office
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Before he/she enter on the execution of his/her office, he/she shall take the following oath or affirmation:–"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that as the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sierra and His/Her Royal Highness' Representative and Civil Servant to the Sierrans, to faithfully execute the powers ascribed upon me by the Constitution. I declare that any and all actions I undertake shall be scrutinized to the fullest extent and that I shall only work in the interests of the People and the State. Ten thousand years, glory, glory to the King/Queen!"

Article V: The Legislative Branch
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;">

Section I: Parliament
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Parliament of the Kingdom, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Commons.

Subsection I: Representation
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Senate of the Kingdom shall be composed of two Senators from each Province, chosen by the Electorate thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.

Subsection II: Electoral classes
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Senators shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class the fourth year, and of the third the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen upon by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of legislature of any Province, the responsible Governor therefore shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

Subsection III: Electoral qualifications and requirements
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> One must be a citizen of the Kingdom with no loyalties to any foreign state or organization, to be of or greater the age of 18, and been 9 consecutive years a resident within the Kingdom including its territories or 13 years a resident with seven years that of a consecutive fashion, and been free of conviction and punishment for a felony for 20 years; serious offenses to the State or its Provinces or Territories within 15 years; criminal offenses to the State or its Provinces or Territories within 10 years; or misdemeanors or minor offenses to the State or its Provinces or its Territories within 5 years.

Subsection IV: President
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Prime Minister shall be President of the Senate as declared in Article IV, § II, §§ b.

Subsection V: Other administrative officers
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the absence of the Prime Minister, or when he/she exercise the office of the Prime Minister.

Subsection VI: Role in Impeachment
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments; when sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the Prime Minister is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: and no person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the Kingdom: but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law.

Subsection I: Representation
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The House of Commons shall be composed of Commoners by number apportioned according to population from each Province, chosen by the Electorate thereof, for two years; and each Commoner shall have one vote.

Subsection II: Apportionment
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The House of Commons shall be composed of Commoners based on population, determined through apportionment among the several Provinces which may be included within this Kingdom, according to their respective numbers whose enumeration shall be made every ten years, in such manner as they shall be law direct.

Subsection III: Electoral qualifications and requirements
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> One must be a citizen of the Kingdom with no loyalties to any foreign state or organization, to be of or greater the age of 18, and been 9 consecutive years a resident within the Kingdom including its territories or 13 years a resident with seven years that of a consecutive fashion, and been free of conviction and punishment for a felony for 20 years; serious offenses to the State or its Provinces or Territories within 15 years; criminal offenses to the State or its Provinces or Territories within 10 years; or misdemeanors or minor offenses to the State or its Provinces or its Territories within 5 years.

Subsection IV: Vacancies
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> When vacancies happen in the representation from any Province, the responsible Governor therefore shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

Subsection V: Speaker and other administrative officers
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The House of Commons shall choose their Speaker and other officers; and shall have the sole power of invoking claims for impeachment.

Subsection I: Membership and Quorums
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Each house shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of members in absentee, in such manner, and under such penalties, as each house may provide.

Subsection II: Rules
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Each house may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.

Subsection III: Publications
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment warrant secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of each house on any question, shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

Subsection IV: Adjournment
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Neither house, during the session of Parliament, shall, without the consent of the others, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

Section V: Privileges
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Senators and Commoners shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law and paid out of the treasury of the Kingdom. They shall in all cases except treason, bribery, felony, and breach of peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

Section VI: Prohibitions
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> No Senator or Commoner shall, during the time for which he/she was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the Kingdom, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time; and no person holding any office under the Kingdom shall be a member of either house during his/her continuance in office.

Section VII: Method of Lawmaking
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is incumbent of the Parliament that:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) all bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Commons; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) Every bill which shall have passed the House of Commons and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Prime Minister in a manner as described in Article III, § IX, §§ II.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Commons may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the King/Queen of the Kingdom; and before the same shall take effect, shall receive Royal Assent from him/her, or being disapproved or neglected by him/her, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Commons, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Section VIII: Powers Granted to Parliament
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is incumbent of Parliament to:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the Kingdom; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the Kingdom.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) borrow money on the credit of the Kingdom.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several Provinces, and with the Indian tribes.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> d) establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the Kingdom.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> e) coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> f) provide the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the Kingdom.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> g) promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective works and discoveries.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> h) establish post offices and post roads.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> i) constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> j) define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas and offenses against international law.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> k) declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> l) raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> m) provide and maintain a navy.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> n) provide and maintain an air force.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> o) make rules for the government and regulation of the land, naval, and aerial forces.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> p) provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Kingdom, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> q) provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the Kingdom, reserving to the Provinces respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> r) create laws pertaining to citizenship, special status nationals, foreign nationals, and other persons.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> s) make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the Kingdom, or in any departure or officer thereof.

Section IX: Powers Denied to the Federal Government
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is forbidden of the Parliament that:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) no bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) no capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> d) no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any Province or Territory.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> e) no preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one Province over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one Province, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> f) no money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> g) No title of nobility shall be granted without the express consent of the King/Queen, the fount of honor; and no civil officer holding office of profit or trust under them, shall, without consent of both the King/Queen and Parliament, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any sovereign or foreign state.

Section X: Powers Denied to the Provinces
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is forbidden of the Provinces that:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) no Province shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bills of attainder, ex post facto, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility of which the last instance requiring the express consent of the King/Queen.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) no Province shall, without the consent of Parliament, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any Province on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of Kingdom; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) No Province shall, without consent of Parliament, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another Province, or with a foreign power, or an Indian tribe, or engage in war, unless actually invaded or in state of insurrection, or any other such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

Section I: Federal Courts
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The judicial power of the Kingdom shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. the judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall be neither raised nor diminished during their continuance in office without consent of Parliament and the assent of the Crown.

Subsection I: Cases
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the Kingdom, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under this authority;–to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;–to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;–to controversies to which the Kingdom shall be a party;–to controversies between two or more Provinces;–between citizens of different Provinces;–between citizens of the same Province claiming lands under grants of different Provinces, and between a Province, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states, citizens or subjects.

Subsection II: Supreme Court
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> In all cases affecting the ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a Province shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions and under such regulations, as the Parliament shall make.

Subsection III: Federal trials by jury
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the Province where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed with any Province, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Parliament may by law have directed.

Subsection IV: Treason
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Treason against the Kingdom shall consist only in levying war against it, or in adhering to its enemies, giving them aid or comfort; or succeeds in or attempts to inflict harm upon the Monarch, his/her ministers, or the Government. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Parliament shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture except during the life of the person attained.

Subsection I: Reserved powers
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The powers not delegated to the Kingdom by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the Provinces, are reserved to the Provinces respectively, or to the People.

Subsection II: Suits against provinces
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The judicial power of the Kingdom shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the Kingdom by citizens of another Province or by citizens or subjects of any foreign state.

Article VIII: Admission of new Provinces
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> New Provinces may be admitted by Parliament; but no new Province shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other Province; nor any Province be formed by the Junction of two or more Province, or Parts of Provinces, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the Provinces concerned as well as of Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Parliament shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the Kingdom; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the Kingdom, or of any particular Province.

Article IX: Citizenship
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> All persons who meet any of the requirements listed by the following shall constitute as a citizen of the Kingdom: <span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 1) Those who were citizens of the California Republic at the time of the adoption of this Constitution;

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Kingdom;

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 3) Those naturally born on soil or other areas under jurisdiction of the Kingdom be it province, territory, overseas post, or extraterritorial lands; and

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> 4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with law.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> All persons qualifying of citizenship are subject to the jurisdiction thereof. No Province shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Kingdom; nor shall any Province deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Article X: Religious Freedom
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Parliament shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof nor shall any other Parts of Government including the Crown establish or prohibit the same.

Article XI: Arms and Civil Defense
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

Article XII: Speech, Press, and Assembly
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Parliament shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances nor shall any other Parts of Government including the Crown abridge or inhibit the same.

Article XIII: Quartering of Troops
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Article XIX: Search, Seizures, and Warrants
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Article XX: Trials
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation; and in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the Province and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him/her; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his/her favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his/her defense.

Article XXI: Punishment
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Article XXII: Other Rights
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Article XXIII: Amendments
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Parliament, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several Provinces, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several Provinces, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by Parliament; and that no Province, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article XXIX: Ratification
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Ratification of the Conventions of twenty-two Provinces, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the Provinces so ratifying the same. Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the Provinces present the Twenty-Seventh of November in the Year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and Fifty eight and of the Independence of the Kingdom of Sierra In Witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,

Smith Charles Miller (President of the Convention) Joseph Aram

Charles T. Botts

Elam Brown

José Antonio Carrillo

José María Covarrubias

Elisha Oscar Crosby

Lewis Dent

Kimball Hale Dimmick

Manuel Dominguez

Alfred James Ellis

Stephen C. Foster

John C. Fremont

Edward Gilbert

Pablo de la Guerra

William M. Gwin

Henry Wager Halleck

Julian Hanks

Henry Hill

Jacob David Hoppe

John McHenry Hollingsworth

James McHall Jones

Thomas O. Larkin

Francis J. Lippitt

Benjamin S. Lippincott

Benjiman F. Moore

Morton Matthew McCarver

John McDougall

Myron Norton

Pacificus Ord

Miguel de Pedrorena

Rodman M. Price

Antonio Maria Pico

Pío Pico

Jacinto Rodriguez

Hugo Reid

Pedro Sainsevain

William E. Shannon

Winfield S. Sherwood

Abel Stearns

John Sutter

M. G. Vallejo

Thomas L. Vermeule

Joel P. Walker

Subsection I: Slavery
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the Kingdom, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Subsection II: Enforcement
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> Parliament shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Subsection I: Powers granted to Territories
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The powers not delegated to the Kingdom by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the Territories, are reserved to the Territories respectively, or to the People.

Subsection II: Powers forbidden to Territories
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> It is forbidden of the Territories that:

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> a) no Territory shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts; pass any bills of attainder, ex post facto, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility of which the last instance requiring the express consent of the King/Queen.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> b) no Territory shall, without the consent of Parliament, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any Territory on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of Kingdom; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Parliament.

<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> c) No Territory shall, without consent of Parliament, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another Territory, or with a foreign power, or an Indian tribe, or engage in war, unless actually invaded or in state of insurrection, or any other such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

Amendment III: Federal Capital
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The Capital constituting the seat of Government of the Kingdom shall be the City of Porciúncula of the Province of the Gold Coast. Only shall acts made by the Government of the Kingdom prevail over all the Provinces and that the central Government of the inferior Province of the Gold Coast shall render no effect beyond its jurisdiction constrained to its territory including the Capital. Parliament, shall when necessary, have the power to create and enforce laws separating the central federal bodies and assets of the Government from the inferior Government and to direct the Policies of the portions of the City within proximity of central Government buildings.

Amendment IV: Secession
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> In the event that a constituent Province of the Kingdom deem its unfit to remain part of the Kingdom, its People shall petition to Parliament concerning the request concerning their inherent right to create, modify, and dissolve Governments. Two-thirds of the People of the seceding Province shall affirm their interest desiring the secession, two-thirds of the Parliament of both houses shall affirm their interest promoting the secession separately and jointly in each respective houses, and the King/Queen shall assent to the separation of the Province and Kingdom before secession may take effect. The Parliament shall have the power to create and enforce any laws concerning secessions as well to ensure the Safety and Competence of any succeeding seceding Provinces absolving its allegiance to the Kingdom.

Amendment V: Sex and race-neutral Suffrage
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The right of citizens of the Kingdom to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Kingdom or by any Province or Territory on account of race, color, previous condition of servitude, or sex. Parliament shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Amendment VI: Lowering voting age
<span style="font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-size:15px;"> The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the Kingdom or by any Province or Territory on account of age. Parliament shall have the power to enforce this law through appropriate legislation.