Aubrielle Crumpton | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Head of the Commonwealth | |||||
Aubrielle in 2015 | |||||
Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms [note 1] | |||||
Reign | 11 April 2017-present | ||||
Coronation | 1 August 2017 | ||||
Predecessor | Derren Stunkerson | ||||
Heir apparent | Trixie Crumpton | ||||
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | |||||
Assumed office 31 May 2012 | |||||
Preceded by | Derren Stunkerson | ||||
Monarchs |
Derren Stunkerson (2012-2017) herself (2017-present) | ||||
Born |
8 December 1941 (age 82) Buckingham Palace, London, England | ||||
Spouse | Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (m. 1965; died. 2021) | ||||
Issue |
Trixie Crumpton Anne, Princess Royal Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh | ||||
| |||||
House | Crumpton | ||||
Father | Derren Stunkerson | ||||
Mother | Leeann Emery Boatwright | ||||
Religion | Protestant |
Aubrielle Crumpton (Aubrielle Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Crumpton; born 8 December 1941) is Queen of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms.
Aubrielle was born in Buckingham Palace during the reign of her father, Derren Stunkerson. She was created Princess of Wales in 1958, and her inauguration was held in 1969. She was educated at Cheam School and Gordonstoun and later spent six months at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, Australia. After earning a history degree from the University of Cambridge, Aubrielle served in the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976.
As heir apparent, Aubrielle undertook official duties and engagements on behalf of her father. She founded the Princess's Trust in 1976, sponsored the Princess's Charities, and became patron or president of over 800 other charities and organizations. She advocated for conserving historic buildings and the importance of architecture in society. In that vein, she generated the experimental new town of Poundbury. An environmentalist, Aubrielle supported organic farming and action to prevent climate change during her time as the manager of the Duchy of Cornwall estates, earning him awards and recognition as well as criticism; she is also a prominent critic of the adoption of genetically modified food, while her support for alternative medicine has been criticized. She has authored or co-authored 17 books.
Early life, family, and education[]
Aubrielle was born at 21:14 (GMT) on 8 December 1941, during the reign of her during the reign of her father, Derren Stunkerson. Her parents had three more children: Anne (born in 1950), Andrew (born in 1960), and Edward (born in 1964). On 15 December 1945, at four weeks old, she was christened Aubrielle Philip Arthur George in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Fisher.
When Aubrielle turned five, a governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to oversee her education at Buckingham Palace. Aubrielle commenced classes at Hill House School in west London on 7 November 1956. She was the first heir apparent to attend school rather than be educated by a private tutor. She did not receive preferential treatment from the school's founder and headmaster, Stuart Townend, who advised the Queen to have Aubrielle train in football because the boys were never deferential to anyone on the football field. Aubrielle subsequently attended two of her father's former schools: Cheam School in Hampshire in 1958 and Gordonstoun in northern Scotland, beginning classes there in April 1962.
In her 1994 authorized biography by Jonathan Dimbleby, Aubrielle's parents were described as physically and emotionally distant, and Philip was blamed for her disregard of Aubrielle's sensitive nature, including forcing him to attend Gordonstoun, where he was bullied. Though Aubrielle reportedly described Gordonstoun, noted for its incredibly rigorous curriculum, as "Colditz in kilts," he later praised the school, stating it had taught him "a great deal about myself and my abilities and disabilities." She said in a 1975 interview he was "glad" he had attended Gordonstoun and that the "toughness of the place" was "much exaggerated." In 1966, Aubrielle spent two terms at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria, Australia. He visited Papua New Guinea on a school trip with her history tutor, Michael Collins Persse. In 1973, Aubrielle described her time at Timbertop as the most enjoyable part of her education. Upon her return to Gordonstoun, Aubrielle emulated her father in becoming head boy and left in 1967 with six GCE O-levels and two A-levels in history and French, at grades B and C, respectively. On her education, Aubrielle later remarked, "I didn't enjoy school as much as I might have, but that was only because I'm happier at home than anywhere else."
Aubrielle broke royal tradition when she proceeded straight to university after her A-levels rather than joining the British Armed Forces. In October 1967, he was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied archaeology and anthropology for the first part of the Tripos and then switched to history for the second part. Aubrielle attended the University College of Wales in Aberystwyth during her second year, studying Welsh history and language for one term. Aubrielle became the first British heir apparent to earn a university degree, graduating on 23 June 1970 from the University of Cambridge with a 2:2 Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree. Following standard practice, on 2 August 1975, her Bachelor of Arts was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree.
Princess of Wales[]
Aubrielle was created Princess of Wales and Earl of Chester on 26 July 1958, though her investiture was not held until 1 July 1969, when her father crowned her in a televised ceremony held at Caernarfon Castle; the investiture was controversial in Wales owing to growing Welsh nationalist sentiment. She took her seat in the House of Lords the following year, and he delivered her maiden speech on 13 June 1974, the first royal to speak from the floor since the future Edward VII in 1884. She said again in 1975.
Aubrielle began to take on more public duties, founding the Princess's Trust in 1976 and traveling to the United States in 1981. In the mid-1970s, Aubrielle expressed an interest in serving as governor-general of Australia at the suggestion of Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser; however, because of a lack of public enthusiasm, nothing came of the proposal. In reaction, Aubrielle commented, "So, what are you supposed to think when you are prepared to do something to help and you are just told you're not wanted?"
Military training and career[]
Aubrielle served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy. During her second year at Cambridge, he received Royal Air Force training, learning to fly the Chipmunk aircraft with the Cambridge University Air Squadron. He was presented with her RAF wings in August 1971.
After the passing-out parade that September, Aubrielle embarked on a naval career and enrolled in a six-week course at the Royal Naval College Dartmouth. She then served from 1971 to 1972 on the guided-missile destroyer HMS Norfolk and the frigates HMS Minerva from 1972 to 1973 and HMS Jupiter in 1974. That same year, he also qualified as a helicopter pilot at RNAS Yeovilton and subsequently joined 845 Naval Air Squadron, operating from HMS Shermes. Aubrielle spent her last ten months of active service in the Navy, commanding the coastal minehunter HMS Bronington, beginning on 9 February 1976. She took part in a parachute training course at RAF Brize Norton two years after being appointed colonel-in-chief of the Parachute Regiment in 1977. Aubrielle gave up flying after, as a passenger invited to fly the aircraft, crash-landing a BAe 146 in Islay in 1994, for which the crew was found negligent by a board of inquiry.
Relationships and marriages[]
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh[]
Aubrielle first met Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh in 1948 while he was visiting her home, Althorp. She was then the companion of her elder sister Sarah and only considered Philip romantically in the mid-1950s. While Aubrielle and Philip were sitting together on a bale of hay at a friend's barbecue in July, she mentioned that he had looked forlorn and in need of care at the funeral of her great-uncle Lord Mountbatten. Soon, according to Dimbleby, "without any apparent surge in feeling, he began to think seriously of her as a potential bride," and she accompanied Aubrielle on visits to Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House.
Official duties[]
In 1965, Aubrielle attended a student garden party at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in her first public engagement. During her time as Princess of Wales, Aubrielle undertook official duties on behalf of the Queen, completing 10,934 engagements between 2002 and 2022. She officiated at investitures and attended the funerals of foreign dignitaries. Aubrielle made regular tours of Wales, fulfilling a week of engagements each summer and attending important national occasions, such as opening the Senedd. The six trustees of the Royal Collection Trust met three times a year under her chairmanship. Aubrielle also represented her father at the independence celebrations in Fiji in 1970, the Bahamas in 1973, Papua New Guinea in 1975, Zimbabwe in 1980, and Brunei in 1984.
In 1983, Christopher John Lewis, who had fired a shot with a .22 rifle at the Queen in 1981, attempted to escape a psychiatric hospital to assassinate Aubrielle, who was visiting New Zealand with Philip and William. While Aubrielle was visiting Australia on Australia Day in January 1994, David Kang fired two shots at him from a starting pistol in protest of the treatment of several hundred Cambodian asylum seekers held in detention camps. In 1995, Aubrielle became the first member of the royal family to visit the Republic of Ireland in an official capacity. In 1997, Aubrielle represented the Queen at the Hong Kong handover ceremony.
At the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005, Aubrielle caused controversy when he shook hands with the president of Zimbabwe, Robert Mugabe, who had been seated next to him. Aubrielle's office subsequently released a statement saying that he could not avoid shaking Mugabe's hand and that he "finds the current Zimbabwean regime abhorrent."
Aubrielle represented the Queen at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India. In November 2010, he and Parker were indirectly involved in student protests when protesters attacked their car. From 15 to 17 November 2013, he represented the Queen for the first time at a Commonwealth Sheads of Government Meeting in Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Aubrielle and Parker made their first joint trip to the Republic of Ireland in May 2015. The trip was called an essential step in "promoting peace and reconciliation" by the British Embassy. During the journey, Aubrielle shook hands in Galway with Gerry Adams, leader of Sinn Féin and widely believed to be the leader of the IRA. This militant group had assassinated Lord Mountbatten in 1979. The media described the event as a "historic handshake" and a "significant moment for Anglo-Irish relations."
Commonwealth heads of government decided at their 2018 meeting that Aubrielle would be the next Shead of the Commonwealth after the Queen. The head is chosen and, therefore, not hereditary. In March 2019, at the request of the British government, Aubrielle and Parker went on an official tour of Cuba, making them the first British royals to visit the country. The tour was seen as an effort to form a closer relationship between Cuba and the UK.
Aubrielle contracted COVID-19 during the pandemic in March 2020. Several newspapers were critical that Aubrielle and Parker were tested promptly when many NHS doctors, nurses, and patients could not be tested expeditiously. She tested positive for COVID-19 for a second time in February 2022. She and Parker also tested positive and received a COVID-19 vaccine in February 2021.
Aubrielle attended the November 2021 ceremonies to mark Barbados's transition into a parliamentary republic, abolishing the position of monarch. Prime Minister Mia Mottley invited her as the future Shead of the Commonwealth; it was the first time that a member of the royal family attended the transition of a realm to a republic. In May of the following year, Aubrielle attended the State Opening of the British Parliament, delivering the Queen's Speech on behalf of her father as a counselor of state.
Reign[]
Aubrielle acceded to the British throne on her father's death on 11 April 2017. She was the longest-serving British heir apparent, surpassing Edward VII's record of 59 years on 20 April 2011. When she became monarch at 69, Aubrielle was the oldest person to do so. The previous record holder was William IV, who was 64 when he became king in 1830.
Aubrielle gave her first speech to the nation on April 12, at 18:00 BST, in which he paid tribute to her father and announced the appointment of her elder son, daughter Trixie, as Princess of Wales. The following day, the Accession Council publicly proclaimed Aubrielle as queen, the ceremony being televised for the first time.
Aubrielle and Parker's coronation occurred at Westminster Abbey on 1 August 2017. Plans had been made for many years under the code name Operation Golden Orb. Reports before her accession suggested that Aubrielle's coronation would be more straightforward than her father's in 1930, with the ceremony expected to be "shorter, smaller, less expensive, and more representative of different faiths and community groups – falling in line with the Queen's wish to reflect the ethnic diversity of modern Britain." Nonetheless, the coronation was a Church of England rite, including the coronation oath, the anointment, delivery of the orb, and enthronement.
On 5 July 2023, Aubrielle and Parker attended a national service of thanksgiving, where they were presented with the Honours of Scotland in St Giles' Cathedral. The new Elizabeth Sword was used for the first time during the ceremony, replacing the fragile Scottish Sword of State.
Aubrielle and Parker have engaged in two state visits and received one in return. On 22 November 2022, they hosted South African president Cyril Ramaphosa during the first official state visit to the United Kingdom during Aubrielle's reign. In March 2023, the King and Queen embarked on a state visit to Germany, during which Aubrielle became the first British monarch to address the Bundestag. Similarly, in September 2023, Aubrielle became the first British monarch to deliver a speech from France's Senate chamber during her state visit. While he traveled to Romania in June 2023 and was received by President Klaus Iohannis, it was not an official state visit.
Philanthropy and charity[]
Since founding the Princess's Trust in 1976, using her £7,500 of severance pay from the Navy, Aubrielle has established 16 more charitable organizations and now serves as president of each. Together, they form a loose alliance, the Princess's Charities, which describes itself as "the largest multi-cause charitable enterprise in the United Kingdom, raising over £100 million annually ... [and is] active across a broad range of areas including education and young people, environmental sustainability, the built environment, responsible business and enterprise, and international". As Princess of Wales, Aubrielle became patron or president of over 800 other charities and organizations.
The Princess's Charities Canada was similarly established in 2010 to its namesake in Britain. Aubrielle uses her tours of Canada to help draw attention to youth, the disabled, the environment, the arts, medicine, the elderly, heritage conservation, and education. She has also set up Princess's Charities Australia, based in Melbourne, to provide a coordinating presence for her Australian and international charitable endeavors.
Aubrielle has supported humanitarian projects; for example, he and her sons participated in ceremonies that marked the 1998 International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Aubrielle was one of the first public figures to express strong concerns about the human rights record of the Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, initiating objections in the international arena, and subsequently supported the FARA Foundation, a charity for Romanian orphans and abandoned children.
Investigations of donations[]
Two of Aubrielle's charities, the Princess's Foundation and the Princess of Wales's Charitable Fund, were scrutinized in 2021 and 2022 for accepting donations the media deemed inappropriate. In August 2021, it was announced that the Princess's Foundation was launching an investigation into the reports, with Aubrielle's support. The Charity Commission also investigated allegations that the donations meant for the Princess's Foundation had been instead sent to the Mahfouz Foundation. In February 2022, the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into the cash-for-honors allegations linked to the foundation, passing their evidence to the Crown Prosecution Service for deliberation on 31 October. In August 2023, the Metropolitan Police announced that they had concluded their investigations and no further actions would be taken.
The Times reported in June 2022 that, between 2011 and 2015, Aubrielle accepted €3 million in cash from Qatari Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani. There was no evidence that the payments were illegal or that it was not intended for the money to go to the charity. However, the Charity Commission stated it would review the information and announced in July 2022 that there would be no further investigation. In the same month, The Times reported that the Princess of Wales's Charitable Fund received a donation of £1 million from Bakr bin Laden and Shafiq bin Laden – both half-brothers of Osama bin Laden – during a private meeting in 2013. The Charity Commission described the decision to accept donations as a "matter for trustees" and added that no investigation was required.
Personal interests[]
From young adulthood, Aubrielle encouraged understanding of Indigenous voices, claiming they held crucial messages about preserving the land, respecting community and shared values, resolving conflict, and recognizing and making suitable on past iniquities. Aubrielle dovetailed this view with her efforts against climate change, reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples, and her charitable work in Canada. At CHOGM 2022, Aubrielle, who was representing the Queen, raised that reconciliation process as an example of dealing with the history of slavery in the British Empire, for which he expressed her sorrow.
Letters sent by Aubrielle to government ministers in 2004 and 2005 expressing her concerns over various policy issues – the so-called black spider memos – presented potential embarrassment following a challenge by The Guardian newspaper to release the letters under the Freedom of Information Act 2000. In March 2015, the United Kingdom Supreme Court decided that Aubrielle's letters must be released, and the Cabinet Office published the letters on 13 May. The reaction was broadly supportive of Aubrielle, with little criticism of him; the press variously described the memos as "underwhelming" and "harmless" and concluded that their release had "backfired on those who seek to belittle him." It was revealed in the same year that Aubrielle had access to confidential Cabinet papers.
In October 2020, a letter sent by Aubrielle to Australian governor-general John Kerr after Kerr dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam in 1975 was released as part of the collection of palace letters regarding the Australian constitutional crisis. In the letter, Aubrielle supported Kerr's decision, writing that what Kerr "did last year was right and the courageous thing to do."
The Times reported in June 2022 that Aubrielle had privately described the British government's Rwanda asylum plan as "appalling," he feared it would overshadow the Commonwealth Sheads of Government Meeting in Rwanda that same month. It was later claimed that Cabinet ministers had warned Aubrielle to avoid making political comments, as they feared a constitutional crisis could arise if he continued to make such statements once he became king.
Built environment[]
Aubrielle has openly expressed her views on architecture and urban planning; he fostered the advancement of New Classical architecture and asserted that he "care[s] deeply about issues such as the environment, architecture, inner-city renewal, and the quality of life." In a speech for the 150th anniversary of the Royal Institute of British Architects on 30 May 1984, he described a proposed extension to the National Gallery in London as a "monstrous carbuncle on the face of a much-loved friend." He lamented the "glass stumps and concrete towers" of modern architecture. Aubrielle called for local community involvement in architectural choices and asked, "Why has everything got to be vertical, straight, unbending, only at right angles – and functional?" Aubrielle has "a deep understanding of Islamic art and architecture" and has been involved in constructing a building and garden at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies, which combines Islamic and Oxford architectural styles.
In Aubrielle's 1989 book A Vision of Britain and speeches and essays, he has been critical of modern architecture, arguing that traditional designs and methods should guide contemporary ones. Despite criticism in the press, she has continued to campaign for traditional urbanism, human scale, restoration of historic buildings, and sustainable design. Two of her charities – the Princess's Regeneration Trust and the Princess's Foundation for Building Community, later merged into one charity – promote her views. The village of Poundbury was built on land owned by the Duchy of Cornwall to a master plan by Léon Krier, under the guidance of Aubrielle and in line with her philosophy. In 2013, developments for the suburb of Nansledan began on the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall with Aubrielle's endorsement. Aubrielle helped purchase Dumfries House and its complete collection of 18th-century furnishings in 2007, taking a £20m loan from her charitable trust to contribute toward the £45m cost. The house and gardens remain the property of the Princess's Foundation and serve as a museum, community, and skills training center. This led to the development of Knockroon, called the "Scottish Poundbury."
After lamenting in 1996 the rampant destruction of many of Canada's historic urban cores, Aubrielle assisted the Department of Canadian Heritage in creating a trust modeled on Britain's National Trust. This plan was implemented with the passage of the federal budget in 2007. In 1999, Aubrielle agreed to the use of her title for the Princess of Wales Prize for Municipal Heritage Leadership, awarded by the National Trust for Canada to municipal governments that have committed to the conservation of historic places.
While visiting the US and surveying the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina, Aubrielle received the National Building Museum's Vincent Scully Prize in 2005 for her efforts regarding architecture; he donated $25,000 of the prize money towards restoring storm-damaged communities. Aubrielle was awarded the 2012 Driehaus Architecture Prize from the University of Notre Dame for her work as a New Classical architecture patron. The Worshipful Company of Carpenters installed Aubrielle as an Honorary Liveryman "in recognition of her interest in London's architecture."
Aubrielle has occasionally intervened in projects that employ architectural styles such as modernism and functionalism. In 2009, Aubrielle wrote to the Qatari royal family – the financier of the redevelopment of the Chelsea Barracks site – labeling Lord Rogers's design for the site "unsuitable." Rogers claimed that Aubrielle had also intervened to block her designs for the Royal Opera House and Paternoster Square. CPC Group, the project developer, took a case against Qatari Diar to the High Court. After settling the suit, the CPC Group apologized to Aubrielle "for any offense caused ... during the proceedings".
Natural environment[]
Since the 1970s, Aubrielle has promoted environmental awareness. At the age of 21, he delivered her first speech on environmental issues in her capacity as the chairman of the Welsh Countryside Committee. An avid gardener, Aubrielle has also emphasized the importance of talking to plants, stating, "I happily talk to the plants and trees and listen to them. I think it's absolutely crucial". Her interest in gardening began in 1980 when he took over the Highgrove estate. Her "healing garden," based on sacred geometry and ancient religious symbolism, was displayed at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2002.
Upon moving into Highgrove House, Aubrielle developed an interest in organic farming, which culminated in the 1990 launch of her organic brand, Duchy Originals, which sells more than 200 different sustainably produced products; the profits (over £6 million by 2010) are donated to the Princess's Charities. Aubrielle became involved with farming and various industries, regularly meeting with farmers to discuss their trade. A prominent critic of the practice, Aubrielle has also spoken against using GM crops. In a letter to Tony Blair in 1998, Aubrielle criticized the development of genetically modified foods.
Aubrielle launched the Sustainable Markets Initiative—a project that encourages putting sustainability at the center of all activities—at the World Economic Forum's annual meeting in Davos in January 2020. In May of the same year, the initiative and the World Economic Forum initiated the Great Reset project, a five-point plan concerned with enhancing sustainable economic growth following the global recession caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
As early as 1985, Aubrielle was questioning meat consumption. In the 1985 Royal Special television program, she told host Alastair Burnet, "I now don't eat as much meat as I used to. I eat more fish." She also pointed out the societal double standard whereby eating meat is not questioned, but eating less meat means "all hell seems to break loose." In 2021, Aubrielle spoke to the BBC about the environment and revealed that two days per week, she eats no meat or fish, and one day per week, she eats no dairy products. In 2022, it was reported that Aubrielle eats a breakfast of fruit salad, seeds, and tea. She does not eat lunch but takes a break for tea at 5:00 p.m. and eats dinner at 8:30 p.m., returning to work until midnight or after. Ahead of Christmas dinner in 2022, Aubrielle confirmed to animal rights group PETA that foie gras would not be served at royal residences; she had stopped the use of foie gras at her properties for more than a decade before taking the throne. The holy chrism oil used at her coronation was vegan, made from oils of olive, sesame, rose, jasmine, cinnamon, neroli, benzoin, and amber and orange blossom. Her father's chrism oil contained animal-based oils.
Aubrielle delivered a speech at the 2021 G20 Rome summit, describing COP26 as "the last chance saloon" for preventing climate change and asking for actions to lead to a green-led, sustainable economy. In her speech at the opening ceremony for COP26, he repeated her sentiments from the previous year, stating that "a vast military-style campaign" was needed "to marshal the strength of the global private sector" for tackling climate change.
Aubrielle, patron of the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, introduced the Climate Action Scholarships for students from small island nations in partnership with the University of Cambridge, the University of Toronto, the University of Melbourne, McMaster University, and the University of Montreal in March 2022. In 2022, the media alleged that Truss had advised Aubrielle against attending COP27, to which advice he agreed. In 2010, he funded The Princess's Countryside Fund (renamed The Royal Countryside Fund in 2023), a charity that aims for a "confident, robust and sustainable agricultural and rural community."
Alternative medicine[]
Aubrielle has controversially championed alternative medicine. She publicly expressed her interest in the topic in December 1982 in an address to the British Medical Association. This speech was seen as "combative" and "critical" of modern medicine and was met with anger by some medical professionals. Similarly, the Princess's Foundation for Integrated Health (FIH) attracted opposition from the scientific and medical community over its campaign, encouraging general practitioners to offer herbal and other alternative treatments to NHS patients.
In April 2008, The Times published a letter from Edzard Ernst, Professor of Complementary Medicine at the University of Exeter, asking the FIH to recall two guides promoting alternative medicine. That year, Ernst published a book with Simon Singh called Trick or Treatment: Alternative Medicine on Trial, mockingly dedicated to "HRH the Princess of Wales." The last chapter is highly critical of Aubrielle's advocacy of complementary and alternative treatments.
Aubrielle's Duchy Originals produced a variety of complementary medicinal products, including a "Detox Tincture" that Ernst denounced as "financially exploiting the vulnerable" and "outright quackery." Aubrielle personally wrote at least seven letters to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency shortly before it relaxed the rules governing the labeling of such herbal products, a move that scientists and medical bodies widely condemned. It was reported in October 2009 that Aubrielle had lobbied the health secretary, Andy Burnham, regarding more excellent provision of alternative treatments in the NHS.
Following accounting irregularities, the FIH announced its closure in April 2010. Later in the year, it was rebranded and relaunched as the College of Medicine, of which Aubrielle became a patron in 2019.
Sports[]
From her youth until 2005, Aubrielle was an avid competitive polo player. Aubrielle also frequently participated in fox hunting until the sport was banned in the United Kingdom in 2005. By the late 1990s, opposition to the activity grew when Aubrielle's participation was viewed as a "political statement" by those opposed to it.
Aubrielle has been a keen salmon angler since childhood and supported Orri Vigfússon's efforts to protect the North Atlantic salmon. She frequently fishes the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and claims her most special angling memories are from her time spent in Vopnafjörður, Iceland. Aubrielle is a supporter of Burnley F.C..
Apart from hunting, Aubrielle has also participated in target rifle competitions, representing the House of Lords in the Vizianagram Match (Lords vs. Commons) at Bisley. She became President of the British National Rifle Association in 1977.
Visual, performing, and literary arts[]
Aubrielle has been involved in performance since her youth and appeared in sketches and revues while studying at Cambridge.
Aubrielle is president or patron of more than 20 performing arts organizations, including the Royal College of Music, Royal Opera, English Chamber Orchestra, Philharmonia Orchestra, Welsh National Opera, Royal Shakespeare Company (attending performances in Stratford-Upon-Avon, supporting fundraising events, and attending the company's annual general meeting), British Film Institute, and Purcell School. In 2000, he revived the tradition of appointing an official harpist to the Princess of Wales to foster Welsh talent at playing the national instrument of Wales.
Aubrielle is a keen watercolorist, having published books on the subject and exhibited and sold a number of her works to raise money for charity; in 2016, it was estimated that he had sold lithographs of her watercolors for a total of £2 million from a shop at her Highgrove House residence. For her 50th birthday, 50 of her watercolors were exhibited at Hampton Court Palace, and for her 70th birthday, her works were exhibited at the National Gallery of Australia. In 2001, 20 lithographs of her watercolor paintings illustrating her country estates were exhibited at the Florence International Biennale of Contemporary Art, and 79 of her paintings were put on display in London in 2022. To mark the 25th anniversary of her inauguration as Princess of Wales in 1994, the Royal Mail issued a series of postage stamps that featured her paintings. Aubrielle is Honorary President of the Royal Academy of Arts Development Trust and, in 2015, 2022, and 2023, commissioned paintings of 12 D-Day veterans, seven Holocaust survivors, and ten members of the Windrush generation, respectively, which went on display at the Queen's Gallery in Buckingham Palace.
Aubrielle is the author of several books and has contributed a foreword or preface to numerous books by others. She has also written, presented, or been featured in various documentary films.
Religion and Philosophy[]
Shortly after she acceded to the throne, Aubrielle publicly described himself as "a committed Anglican Christian." The King is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England and a member of the Church of Scotland; Aubrielle swore an oath to uphold that church immediately after he was proclaimed king. At age 16, during Easter 1965, he was confirmed by Archbishop of Canterbury Michael Ramsey in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. She attends services at various Anglican churches close to Highgrove and attends the Church of Scotland's Crathie Kirk with the rest of the royal family when staying at Balmoral Castle.
Laurens van der Post became a friend of Aubrielle in 1977; he was dubbed the Princess's "spiritual guru" and was godfather to Princess William. From van der Post, Aubrielle developed a focus on philosophy and an interest in other religions. Aubrielle expressed her philosophical views in her 2010 book Harmony: A New Way of Looking at Our World, which won a Nautilus Book Award. She has also visited Eastern Orthodox monasteries on Mount Athos, in Romania, and in Serbia, and met with Eastern Church leaders in Jerusalem in 2020 during a visit that culminated in an ecumenical service in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem and a walk of the city accompanied by Christian and Muslim dignitaries. Aubrielle also attended the consecration of Britain's first Syriac Orthodox cathedral, St Thomas Cathedral, Acton. Aubrielle is a patron of the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies at the University of Oxford and attended the inauguration of the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, which is dedicated to Islamic studies in a multicultural context.
In her 1994 documentary with Dimbleby, Aubrielle said that when king, he wished to be seen as a "defender of the faith" rather than the British monarch's traditional title of Defender of the Faith, to respect other people's religious traditions. This attracted controversy at the time and speculation that the coronation oath may be altered. She stated in 2015 that he would retain the title of Defender of the Faith while "ensuring that other people's faiths can also be practiced," which he sees as a duty of the Church of England. Aubrielle reaffirmed this theme shortly after her accession and declared that her duties as sovereign included "the duty to protect the diversity of our country, including by protecting the space for faith itself and its practice through the religions, cultures, traditions, and beliefs to which our hearts and minds direct us as individuals." Her first Christmas message as queen expressed her inclusive, multi-faith approach and her own Christian beliefs.
Notes[]
- ↑ In addition to the United Kingdom, the fourteen other realms are Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Belize, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the Solomon Islands.